ANALISIS PENETAPAN BATAS ZONA MARITIM LEBANON-ISRAEL DALAM MARITIME BOUNDARY LINE AGREEMENT BERDASARKAN KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT 1982
Kata Kunci:
Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982; Maritime Boundary Line Agreement; Daratan mendominasi lautan; Sengketa Perbatasan MaritimAbstrak
This writing aims to find out the regulations for determining maritime zone boundaries of countries whose coasts are opposite or adjacent based on KHL 1982 and to find out the determination of maritime zone boundaries between Lebanon and Israel in the Maritime Boundary Line Agreement based on KHL 1982. This writing uses normative legal methods with a statutory approach, conceptual, and historical. The results of the research show that KHL 1982 has provided clear provisions for countries wishing to determine maritime zone boundaries, both for countries whose coasts are opposite or adjoining. The determination of the maritime zone boundaries of Lebanon and Israel in the MBL Agreement is not under the provisions in the 1982 KHL, because Lebanon and Israel do not start measuring maritime zone boundaries from the baseline. Then, security controls in the territorial sea which are limited by buoy lines do not provide the right of innocent passage for all foreign ships. Both Lebanon and Israel have no right to prohibit foreign ships from crossing the territorial sea as long as it is in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of the Convention. The main priority that should be discussed in determining maritime zone boundaries apart from the territorial sea is the continental shelf, and not the EEZ. This MBL Agreement also does not take into account the continental shelf of Cyprus as a country whose coast faces Lebanon and Israel. The conditions that occurred in the determination of the maritime zone boundaries of Lebanon and Israel were caused by the land boundaries not yet being agreed upon between the two so the determination was not in accordance with KHL 1982. The determination between the parties can be explained through the principle of The Land Dominates the Sea which states that sovereignty over land areas is a determining factor in determining adjacent sea rights; including the territorial sea, seabed, and subsoil. So that the territorial sea and continental shelf of the parties based on this principle will follow the status of their land, namely undelimited.
Abstrak
Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan penetapan batas zona maritim negara yang pantainya berhadapan atau berdampingan berdasarkan KHL 1982 dan untuk mengetahui penetapan batas zona maritim antara Lebanon-Israel dalam Maritime Boundary Line Agreement berdasarkan KHL 1982. Pennulisan ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan sejarah. Hasil penelitian diketahui KHL 1982 telah memberikan ketentuan yang jelas bagi negara yang hendak menetapkan batas zona maritim, baik bagi negara yang pantainya berhadapan atau berdampingan. Penetapan batas zona maritim Lebanon dan Israel dalam MBL Agreement tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam KHL 1982, karena Lebanon dan Israel tidak memulai pengukuran batas zona maritim dari garis pangkal. Lalu, kontrol keamanan di laut teritorial yang dibatasi oleh garis pelampung tidak memberikan hak lintas damai bagi seluruh kapal asing. Baik Lebanon dan Israel tidak memiliki hak untuk melarang kapal asing melintas di wilayah laut teritorial selama sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 18 Konvensi. Prioritas utama yang seharusnya dibahas dalam penetapan batas zona maritim ini selain laut teritorial adalah landas kontinen, dan bukan ZEE. MBL Agreement ini juga tidak memperhitungkan landas kontinen Siprus sebagai negara yang pantainya berhadapan dengan Lebanon dan Israel. Kondisi yang terjadi dalam penetapan batas zona maritim Lebanon dan Israel ini disebabkan oleh belum disepakatinya batas darat antara keduanya, sehingga penetapan tidak sesuai dengan KHL 1982. Penetapan antara para pihak ini dapat dijelaskan melalui prinsip The Land Dominates the Sea yang menyatakan bahwa kedaulatan atas wilayah daratan menjadi faktor penentu dalam menentukan hak atas laut yang berdekatan; termasuk laut teritorial, dasar laut, dan subsoil-nya. Sehingga laut teritorial serta landas kontinen para pihak berlandaskan prinsip ini akan mengikuti status daratannya, yaitu undelimited.
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