A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPLOITATION AND ELECTRONIC CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CRIMES IN

Authors

  • Mega Ayu Faraswati Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Patricia Rimgiwati Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Keywords:

Children, Exploitation, Online Sexual Harassment

Abstract

ASEAN adopted the Additional Protocol on the Online Sexual Abuse of Children. Additional protocols are tools used around the world to combat child sexual exploitation. This research aims to study how effective the application of additional protocols is, what has been achieved, and the problems encountered. Studies show that the governments of several ASEAN countries have not really implemented this additional protocol because it is considered not important. Even if these children are aware or not that what is happening to them is abnormal and unacceptable, the term child sexual abuse refers to various activities of sexual intercourse with children under the age of 18. Adults or classmates can do it, and usually involves individuals or groups taking advantage of an imbalance of power. Perpetrators often use authority, power, manipulation, or deception without apparent coercion

References

Ahmad Sofian and Deden Ramadani (2019) ‘Implementation of Optional Protocol of Sale, Prostitution and Pornography of Children in Indonesia’, Journal Kemsos, 19(1), pp. 20–35.

Anugerah Rizki Akbari (2022) "An Outlook on Sexual Violence Case Handling in Indonesia” An Analysis on Court Decisions from 2018-2020. Jakarta: Indonesia Judicial Research Society.

Committee on the Rights of the Child Considers Reports of Cambodia on Sale of children and on Children in Armed Conflict (2015) United Nations. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2015/01/committee-rights-child-considers-reports-cambodia-sale-children-and-children.

Davy, D. (2017) ECPAT Internasional, Tinjauan Regional: Eksploitasi Seksual Anak di Asia Tenggara, ECPAT Internasional. Available at: https://ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/A4A_V2_EAP_INDONESIA_BAH_FINAL3.pdf.

ECPAT Indonesia (2016) Crimes Related to Commercial Child Sexual Exploitation (ESKA) in the Draft RKHUP. Jakarta: ICJR.

ECPAT Indonesia (2022) Disrupting Harm in Indonesia: Evidence on Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, Interpol UNICEF. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/disrupting-harm-indonesia-evidence-online-child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse#:~:text=Two percent of internet-using,of child sex abuse materials.

Harun Umar; et.all (2011) ‘Konvensi Human Trafficking : Eksploitasi Seksual Perempuan di Filipina Tahun 2016-2019’, Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 42(2), p. 309.

Hunt L (2016) East Timor Hopes for ASEAN Membership by 2017, The Diplomat. Available at: http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/east-timor-hopes-for-asean membership -oleh-2017/.

Lemahnya Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak Thailand Dalam Menangani Pariwisata Seks Anak di Thailand (2017) Repository Universitas Muhamadiyah Yogyakarta. Available at: http://repository.umy.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/19009/BAB III.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y.

Muhammad Ardiansyah Arifin; et.all (2020) ‘Indonesia Abuse of Defamation Clause in Article 27 Section (3) of Electronic Information and Transaction Law’, South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 23(1).

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography Article 2 (2000) United Nation Human Rights Instruments. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/optional-protocol-convention-rights-child-sale-children-child.

Soekanto, S. (2007) Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press.

Soerjono, S. (1989) Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press.

UN. Committee on the Rights of the Child (2012) Consideration of Teports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 12, Paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography : Concluding Observations : Chile, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/620388?ln=en.

United Nation (2013) Consideration of Reports submitted by States Parties Under Article 12, Paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsrHPiif0%2F1kumQo%2BD50%2F9nby1pAvDukVbCcGN76TI3DfReox5XwR%2BioiXsXHbE7Xeu4jYiBul3Jt3d%2B237Ned1IR7DE80RQNB4lru8Gv1xxW.

United Nation (2014) Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention : Convention on the Rights of the Child : combined 2nd and 3rd Periodic Reports of States Parties Due in 2013 : Timor-Leste, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/784548?ln=en.

Zikry, I. (2023) Notes on the Law which Qualifies. Jakarta Selatan: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-20

Issue

Section

Artikel

Citation Check